Threat specific contingency plan russian wheat aphid. This study was conducted to determine the effect of selected herbicides on the russian wheat aphids. Losses in grain yield caused by russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia mordvilko. It was found that the virulent diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of the world. Technical report tr1014 december 2010 ag ricultural. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia is an aphid that can cause significant losses in cereal crops. Potassium phosphate induces tolerance against the russian. Russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, was first detected in canada in late july 1988 when a few were found on latematuring spring cereals in southern alberta near the international boundary between coutts and aden. Seeds of 4 cultivars of barley volgar, povolzhsky 65, kazak, and povolzhsky 16 and 4 cultivars of spring wheat kinelskaya 59, kinelskaya otrada, kinelskaya niva, and kinelskaya 2010 from spikes infested and uninfested with rwa. We re analyzed publically available data from botha et al. There were two population explosions during the period 19932012. Aphididae is an important pest on small grains brooks et al. Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium.
The potential distribution of the russian wheat aphid. The effect of herbicides on russian wheat aphid, diuraphis. Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity female 9 to 55 days. Multispectral image plant stress remote sensing spatial pattern metrics diuraphis noxia abstract the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is an important pest of winter wheat, triticum aestivum, and. In may 2016, it was found for the first time in australia, with further sampling confirming it was widespread throughout southeastern regions. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, diuraphis noxia. However, aphid abundance and crop damage vary radically from yeartoyear.
Aphididae biotypes from the usa and south africa published in part as. Aphididae fed on resistant and susceptible wheat plants. Interactions among the aphid diuraphis noxia, the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the coccinellid hippodamia convergens article in biocontrol science and technology 122. Implications of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, falling. Most diuraphis noxia females give birth to live young, which is likely a significant energy investment on their part.
The distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia. The pest is living in rolling leaves so its chemical control is difficult. Most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in. The russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is a major global pest of wheat and barley production that causes enormous economic damage. Aphididae biotypes from the united states and south africa z. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia, homoptera. Influence of the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia. Pdf host associations of diuraphis noxia homoptera. This thesis investigates the effect of russian wheat aphid rwa. May 27, 2014 selection of reference genes for expression analysis in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is an economically important pest of winter wheat and barley.
Diuraphis noxia, however, appears to have a different strategy, whereby the aphids inject toxins from their salivary glands, causing a strong reaction and symptoms from the plant and also, and more importantly for the aphid, modifying the phloem composition to improve its nutritional quality luna et al. Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity male 9 to 55 days. Pdf mitochondrial genome of diuraphis noxia rebeca. The genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small. Jun 01, 2010 1 june 2010 limited endosymbiont variation in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Nearisogenic lines of triticum aestivum with distinct modes. Moharramipour s, movahedi s, saidi a, talebi aa, fathipour y, 2002. Colonies are found most frequently on the youngest leaves or on newly emerged flowersseedheads. Swanevelder2 abstract russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov feeding on susceptible triticum aestivum l. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america.
Viviparous parthenogenetic females of the anholocyclic. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is a significant pest of small grain crops. Aphididae biotype sam was able to selectively upregulate more transcripts when confronted with feeding on a variety of hosts, than was the case with the less virulent d. Pdf the effect of herbicides on russian wheat aphid. Factors affecting the resistance mechanisms of the russian. Evaluation of resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, in some advanced wheat lines. Diuraphis noxia is a newly established alien pest in the czech republic. An diuraphis noxia in nahilalakip ha genus nga diuraphis, ngan familia nga aphididae. Genetic analyses were conducted on diuraphis noxia mordvilko populations collected from wheat, barley and other grasses from various countries. Few studies have been conducted to explore and decipher the molecular basis of rwa strategies to evade plant defense mechanisms. Since its invasion into the united states a quarter century ago, estimated damage resulting from the russian wheat aphid has been over a billion dollars. Losses in grain yield caused by russian wheat aphid diuraphis.
The most effective and economical means of controlling russian wheat aphid is through the use of resistant cultivars. Botha 2010 limited endosymbiont variation in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Diuraphis noxia braynooverview eppo global database. Assessments were made before the application of herbicides, and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov feeding on susceptible triticum aestivum l. Inheritance of resistance to russian wheat aphid diuraphis. This phytotoxic aphid causes severe systemic damage symptoms in wheat, barley, and other small grains as a direct result of the salivary proteins it injects into the plant while feeding. To counteract the pest, resistant cultivars carrying dnresistance genes were classically used to control outbreaks of d. A successful overwintering of the anholocyclic populations of d. Jun 01, 2010 limited endosymbiont variation in diuraphis noxia. Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among. Diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, russian wheat aphid, is one of the worlds most invasive and economically important agricultural pests of wheat and barley.
Aphididae, russian wheat aphid rwa causes death at heavily infested bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Diuraphis noxia reproduction and development with a comparison of intrinsic rates of increase to other important small grain aphids. June 2010, volume 4, issue 2, pp 1298 cite as implications of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, falling rates for biological control in resistant and susceptible winter wheat authors. Diuraphis noxia infestation on the defence responses of the bread wheat line, pi 7739, on a molecular level. The aftereffects of the russian wheat aphid rwa diuraphis noxia on sowing and productive qualities of barley and spring bread wheat grain were assessed. Russian wheat aphids diuraphis noxia are one of the most important pests on wheat in the world. Aphididae, is one of the most economically important and widely distributed pests of wheat in the world.
Inheritance of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, based on leaf rolling in wheat. Aphididae overwintering success using weather data online pdf. Barley resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, in colorado, kansas and nebraska by paola andrea sotelocardona b. Aphididae zahra tazerouni1, ali asghar talebi1 and ehsan rakhshani2 1 department of entomology, faculty of agriculture, tarbiat modares university, p. Limited endosymbiont variation in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Received 20 january 2010 received in revised form 20 september 2010 accepted 22 september 2010 keywords. Jan 01, 2016 russian wheat aphids diuraphis noxia are one of the most important pests on wheat in the world.
Development of a method using multispectral imagery and. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. The species was introduced to the united states in 1986 and is considered an invasive species there. Cornicles are very short, rounded, and appear to be lacking. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia resistance in wheat and related speciesk.